- Industry: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The electric charge associated with a particle, for example, a raindrop, ice crystal, hailstone, or aerosol.
Industry:Weather
The effect of the variation of the earth's vorticity with latitude in altering the relative vorticity of a flow with a meridional component. A fluid with a free surface in a rotating cylinder will exhibit a corresponding effect, owing to the shrinking or stretching of radially displaced columns. See beta plane, vorticity equation.
Industry:Weather
The eastward current that forms the southern part of the subtropical gyre in the Indian Ocean. It is fed by the Agulhas Current and follows the subtropical front, gradually losing water to the subtropical gyre and Agulhas Current recirculation. East of Africa it begins with 60 Sv (60 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>) and arrives off the coast of western Australia with 10 Sv, which continues as the West Australian Current. Cooling of the warm Agulhas Current water along its path makes the South Indian Ocean Current a heat source for the atmosphere.
Industry:Weather
The eastward current that forms the southern part of the South Pacific subtropical gyre. It is fed by the East Australian Current and its continuation, the East Auckland Current and East Cape Current, and follows the subtropical front. It is much weaker than the South Atlantic and South Indian Ocean Currents, carrying little more than 5 Sv (5 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>). Nevertheless, cooling of the warm water from the western boundary currents along its path makes the South Pacific Current a heat source for the atmosphere. It feeds its water into the Peru/Chile Current.
Industry:Weather
The eastward current that forms the southern part of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre. It is fed by the Brazil Current and follows the subtropical front, gradually losing water to the subtropical gyre and Brazil Current recirculation. About 20–25 Sv (20–25 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>) reach the African coast and continue as the Benguela Current. Cooling of the warm Brazil Current water along its path makes the South Atlantic Current a heat source for the atmosphere.
Industry:Weather
The eastern boundary current of the south Pacific subtropical gyre, also known as the Humboldt Current. The Peru/Chile current originates where part of the water that flows toward the east across the subantarctic Pacific Ocean is deflected toward the north as it approaches South America. It flows northward along the coast of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador, and is associated with the economically most important coastal upwelling of the World Ocean. The upwelling region extends from 40°S into the equatorial region, where the current separates from the coast and turns toward the west, joining the South Equatorial Current, and the coastal upwelling blends into the equatorial upwelling belt.
Industry:Weather
The doubtful phenomenon of fine rain falling from an apparently clear sky, the clouds, if any, being too thin to be visible. Frequently fine rain is observed with a clear sky overhead, but clouds to windward clearly indicate the source of the drops. Also, it has been defined as fine rain falling from a clear sky after sunset, probably actually referring to dew, a survival of the old belief that dew falls.
Industry:Weather
The domain of air that is modified by an embedded object. For example, consider a steady wind with straight streamlines well upstream of an isolated building. As the air nears the building it will diverge to flow around the building, eventually converging behind the building and becoming straight again. The domain where the streamlines are affected by the building is the region of influence. Similar regions can be found for flow around mountains, airplanes, and weather instruments.
Industry:Weather
The downward transport of charge, from cloud region to earth, that occurs in a fall of electrically charged rain or other hydrometeors; a particular case of a convection current. Observations of the charge on individual raindrops during thunderstorms have revealed a complex picture. On average, more positive than negative charge is brought to earth by precipitation currents, but wide deviations occur both within individual storms and from one storm to another. The reasons for these wide fluctuations are not understood. Precipitation currents in continuous rain generally vary from about 10<sup>−12</sup> to 10<sup>−10</sup> A m<sup>−2</sup>, while thunderstorm currents become as large as 10<sup>−8</sup> A m<sup>−2</sup>.
Industry:Weather
The differential increase of radiative flux leaving a region compared to that entering it. A positive flux divergence is usually directly related to the radiative cooling rate, and a negative flux divergence to the radiative heating rate.
Industry:Weather
