- Industry: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Generally, the climate of high elevations. Mountain climates are distinguished by the departure of their characteristics from those of surrounding lowlands, and the one common basis for this distinction is that of atmospheric rarefaction. Aside from this, great variety is introduced by differences in latitude, elevation, and exposure to the sun. Thus, there exists no single, clearly defined, mountain climate. The most common climatic results of high elevation are those of decreased pressure, reduced oxygen availability, decreased temperature, and increased insolation; the last two combine to produce a typical “hot sun and cold shade” condition. Precipitation is heavier on the windward side of a mountain barrier than on the leeward (orographic precipitation), and on the windward side it increases upward to the zone of maximum precipitation, then decreases again. On many tropical mountains the forest zone extends into the level of average cloud height, which causes an excessively damp climate and produces the so-called fog forest. The orography gives rise to many local winds, chief among which are the foehn, mountain and valley winds, mountain-gap winds, and downslope winds of many sorts. Great interest in mountain climate has centered in the relatively well- populated, equatorial Andes. There, four zones of elevation are delimited: tierra caliente (hot land); tierra tamplada (temperate land); tierra fria (cool land); and tierra helada (land of frost).
Industry:Weather
Generally, the climate of high elevations. Mountain climates are distinguished by the departure of their characteristics from those of surrounding lowlands, and the one common basis for this distinction is that of atmospheric rarefaction. Aside from this, great variety is introduced by differences in latitude, elevation, and exposure to the sun. Thus, there exists no single, clearly defined, mountain climate. The most common climatic results of high elevation are those of decreased pressure, reduced oxygen availability, decreased temperature, and increased insolation; the last two combine to produce a typical “hot sun and cold shade” condition. Precipitation is heavier on the windward side of a mountain barrier than on the leeward (orographic precipitation), and on the windward side it increases upward to the zone of maximum precipitation, then decreases again. On many tropical mountains the forest zone extends into the level of average cloud height, which causes an excessively damp climate and produces the so-called fog forest. The orography gives rise to many local winds, chief among which are the foehn, mountain and valley winds, mountain-gap winds, and downslope winds of many sorts. Great interest in mountain climate has centered in the relatively well- populated, equatorial Andes. There, four zones of elevation are delimited: tierra caliente (hot land); tierra tamplada (temperate land); tierra fria (cool land); and tierra helada (land of frost).
Industry:Weather
1. Ice-molded hummocks in relatively resistant bedrock. The characteristic streamline form of this glaciation is related to the direction of movement of the former glacier. 2. An ice field of polar ice in which there are streamlined hummocks.
Industry:Weather
1. Any of a number of model atmospheres in which some of the following conditions exist throughout the motion: coincidence of pressure and temperature surfaces; absence of vertical wind shear; absence of vertical motions; absence of horizontal velocity divergence; and conservation of the vertical component of absolute vorticity.
Barotropic models are usually divided into two classes: the nondivergent barotropic model and the divergent barotropic model (also called the shallow-water equations).
2. A single-parameter, single-level atmospheric model based solely on the advection of the initial circulation field.
The simplest form of barotropic model is based on the barotropic vorticity advection equation:
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Industry:Weather
The angle or distance by which two targets at the same range must be separated in azimuth to be distinguished by a radar. Targets separated less than this distance appear as a single target on the display. See radar resolution.
Industry:Weather
In hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics, a flow in which the streamlines are symmetrically located around an axis. Every longitudinal plane through the axis would exhibit the same streamline pattern.
Industry:Weather
Turbulence that is symmetrically distributed about the direction of the mean flow, as in a pipe or wind tunnel.
Industry:Weather
A warm and violently squally southeast wind in the center of the Massif Central of France. In spring it causes rapid melting of the snow, and in autumn it brings heavy rain; both cause flooding of the rivers. See marin.
Industry:Weather
The length of the arc of the horizon (in degrees) intercepted between a given point and a reference direction, usually north, and measured clockwise from the reference direction. Azimuth may be synonymous with bearing, a navigational term that can have different meanings. Any point in space can be located relative to an observing point by its azimuth angle, elevation angle, and range.
Industry:Weather
In radar, a circular scale at the outer perimeter of a PPI (plan position indicator) display on which the azimuth angle is indicated.
Industry:Weather
